K\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n etkileri t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyay\u0131 yak\u0131ndan etkiliyor. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler (BM) H\u00fck\u00fcmetleraras\u0131 \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Paneli (IPCC)’nin 4 Nisan’da yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rapor, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki birka\u00e7 y\u0131l\u0131n kritik oldu\u011funu, 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar karbon sal\u0131mlar\u0131 azalmazsa k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n tehlikeli seviyelere ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemenin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayaca\u011f\u0131na vurgu yap\u0131yor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ise hava s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckselmesinin d\u00fcnyada benzeri g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f s\u0131cak hava dalgalar\u0131na, korkun\u00e7 f\u0131rt\u0131nalara ve yayg\u0131n su k\u0131tl\u0131klar\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hava olaylar\u0131 ve felaketlerini engelleyebilmek i\u00e7in s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n mutlaka 1,5 derecede s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor, bunun i\u00e7in de bu oran\u0131n 2030’a kadar y\u00fczde 43 oran\u0131nda azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor. <\/p>\n
Cesur ad\u0131mlar gerekiyor
\n\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi i\u00e7in cesur ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan BM raporuna g\u00f6re d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu ye\u015fil ekonomilere ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00f6nemli ve k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n tehlikeli etkilerinden sak\u0131nmak i\u00e7in fosil yak\u0131tlardan h\u0131zla uzakla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor. Mu\u011fla S\u0131tk\u0131 Ko\u00e7man \u00dcniversitesi \u00c7evre Sorunlar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve Uygulama Merkez M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Do\u00e7. Dr. Ahmet Demirak, IPCC\u2019nin haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve 65 \u00fclkeden 278 bilim insan\u0131n\u0131n yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 BM raporunun \u00e7ok net bir tablo ortaya koydu\u011funu ifade ediyor. Buna g\u00f6re k\u0131sa vadede enerji \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemleri daha \u00f6nemli olacak. K\u00fcresel enerji \u00fcretimi, end\u00fcstriler, ula\u015f\u0131m y\u00f6ntemleri, t\u00fcketim al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 ve insan-do\u011fa ili\u015fkisi pozitif y\u00f6nl\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi takdirde iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile m\u00fccadele edilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Demirak, \u201cArt\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131rday\u0131z, e\u011fer \u015fimdi harekete ge\u00e7ersek ve gerekli \u00f6nlemleri ivedilikle al\u0131rsak, bu krizin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in f\u0131rsat\u0131m\u0131z var. T\u00fcm faaliyetler ve ekonomi sekt\u00f6rlerinde sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok iddial\u0131 ve acil \u00e7abalar gerekiyor. Temiz enerji ge\u00e7i\u015fini sa\u011flamal\u0131y\u0131z. Bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn en etkili yolu da r\u00fczg\u00e2r, g\u00fcne\u015f ve n\u00fckleer gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu kaynaklardan enerji \u00fcretmek\u201d diyor. <\/p>\n
D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu enerji sistemi
\nDo\u00e7. Dr. Ahmet Demirak, d\u00fcnyadaki k\u00fcresel karbondioksit emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 40’\u0131n\u0131n elektrik \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n yak\u0131lmas\u0131ndan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydederek, \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi: \u201cD\u00fcnyan\u0131n birincil enerji arz\u0131 hala y\u00fczde 80 fosil yak\u0131tlara ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131. S\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n 2 \u00b0C’ye y\u00fckselmesini kontrol alt\u0131na alabilmek i\u00e7in (Paris \u0130klim Anla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n hedefi) 20 milyar ton karbondioksit (CO2) sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131nmal\u0131y\u0131z. IPCC raporuna g\u00f6re sadece elektrik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn de\u011fil, t\u00fcm ekonomilerin karbondan ar\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekiyor. End\u00fcstriyel s\u00fcre\u00e7ler ve ula\u015f\u0131m sekt\u00f6rleri, k\u00fcresel sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 45’ini olu\u015fturuyor. Bu end\u00fcstriler i\u00e7in temiz, g\u00fcvenilir kaynaklardan b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda enerji gerektiriyor. R\u00fczg\u00e2r, g\u00fcne\u015f ve 7\/24, 365 g\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu enerji sa\u011flayan n\u00fckleer enerji ile g\u00fcvenilir, uygun maliyetli, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu bir enerji sistemi elde edilebilir.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cYe\u015fil\u201d kalk\u0131nma ve n\u00fckleer santraller
\nParis Anla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n onaylanmas\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye’nin iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle m\u00fccadelesinin de yeni bir ivme kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatan Do\u00e7. Dr. Demirak, \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti: \u201cT\u00fcrkiye’nin 2053 y\u0131l\u0131 net s\u0131f\u0131r emisyon hedefi, Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n 1,5 santigrat derece hedefine katk\u0131da bulunacakt\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye, enerji ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 75\u2019ini maalesef ithal kaynaklardan kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu durum enerji, iklim ve \u00e7evre politikalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hem ekolojik hem de finansal b\u00fcy\u00fck riskleri de beraberinde getiriyor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin hem enerji arz\u0131 g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamas\u0131n\u0131n hem de zararl\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli ad\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu yani temiz enerji yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor. Avrupa Birli\u011fi, n\u00fckleer enerjiyi \u2018ye\u015fil enerji\u2019 olarak nitelendirmek i\u00e7in s\u00fcre\u00e7leri ba\u015flatt\u0131. \u015eubat ay\u0131nda, belgenin Avrupa Komisyonu taraf\u0131ndan resmi olarak kabul\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti, \u015fimdi belge Avrupa Parlamentosu ve AB Konseyi’nin de\u011ferlendirmesine sunuldu. Bu belgede, n\u00fckleer enerji di\u011fer d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu enerji kaynaklarla birlikte \u201cye\u015fil\u201d enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendiriliyor, yani, AB d\u00fczeyinde, n\u00fckleer enerjinin \u00e7evre, insan ve iklim dostu, g\u00fcvenli oldu\u011funun tan\u0131nmas\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor (\u015fu anda bireysel Avrupa \u00fclkeleri d\u00fczeyinde oldu\u011fu gibi). Bu t\u00fcr \u00f6rnekler, T\u00fcrkiye’nin se\u00e7ti\u011fi yolun do\u011frulu\u011funun a\u00e7\u0131k bir kan\u0131t\u0131 olabilir. Yolumuza devam etmeliyiz, ikinci ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc n\u00fckleer santral projelerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeliyiz.\u201d<\/p>\n
N\u00fckleere k\u00fcresel piyasalarda ilgi art\u0131yor
\nT\u00fcrkiye dahil 17 \u00fclkede 52 n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn in\u015faat\u0131 s\u00fcrerken k\u00fcresel piyasalarda da n\u00fckleer enerjiye ilgi art\u0131yor. IPCC raporu, n\u00fckleer enerji \u00fcretimine y\u00f6nelik k\u00fcresel yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n, y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131na kadar y\u0131lda ortalama 100 milyar dolar\u0131 a\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahmin ediyor. Daha fazla \u00fclke enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, uzun vadeli iklim stratejilerinde n\u00fckleer enerjiyi de i\u00e7eren planlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamaya devam ediyor. \u00c7ek Cumhuriyeti, \u00fclke tarihindeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131m olacak n\u00fckleer santral projesini y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor. Bel\u00e7ika, n\u00fckleer planlar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletiyor ve mevcut reakt\u00f6rlerini 10 y\u0131l daha devrede tutma hedefinde. Fransa, 14 yeni nesil reakt\u00f6r in\u015fa etmeyi planl\u0131yor. \u0130ngiltere h\u00fck\u00fcmeti yeni enerji stratejisine g\u00f6re \u00fclkedeki n\u00fckleer santrallere 8 yeni n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6r ekleyecek. Ve bunlar pek \u00e7ok \u00f6rnekten sadece birka\u00e7\u0131. <\/p>\n
N\u00fckleeri se\u00e7mek i\u00e7in yedi \u00f6nemli neden
\nIPPC raporunun verilerine g\u00f6re, bilim insanlar\u0131 n\u00fckleer enerjiyi, temiz enerji, gelece\u011finin anahtar\u0131 olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yor. Pek \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelli\u011fi ile n\u00fckleer enerji iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile m\u00fccadele \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. \u0130\u015fte iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile m\u00fccadelede n\u00fckleeri \u00f6ne ge\u00e7iren yedi \u00f6nemli neden: <\/p>\n
1-G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisinden d\u00f6rt kadar kat daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck CO2 emisyonu
\nN\u00fckleer enerji, her y\u0131l d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda 400 milyon otomobil \u00fcretimine e\u015fde\u011fer 2 milyar ton CO2 sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 engelliyor. \u015ea\u015f\u0131rabilirsiniz ama n\u00fckleer enerji, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en az sera gaz\u0131 yayan enerji kaynaklar\u0131ndan birisi. Bu nedenle g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisinden d\u00f6rt kadar kat daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck CO2 emisyonu ile d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu ekonomiye ge\u00e7i\u015f i\u00e7in elzem bir enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. <\/p>\n
2-Kesintisiz ve kontrol edilebilir
\n\u0130klim dostu bir enerji olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra n\u00fckleer enerji, elektrik talebindeki de\u011fi\u015fimlere uyum sa\u011flayabilen g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00fcretim sistemi sayesinde kesintisiz elektrik sa\u011flayabiliyor. Kontrol edilebilir do\u011fas\u0131 ile hastanelerde, i\u015fyerlerinde ve her evde elektrik arz\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131na \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde katk\u0131da bulunabilir. <\/p>\n
3-Rekabet\u00e7i
\nN\u00fckleer enerji, elektrik enerjisi \u00fcretiminin en ucuz kaynaklar\u0131ndan birisidir. Bu nedenle \u00f6rne\u011fin Fransa, Avrupa’da elektri\u011fi en ucuza kullanan \u00fclkelerin ba\u015f\u0131nda geliyor. Fransa\u2019da \u00fcreticiler i\u00e7in elektrik fiyatlar\u0131 Avrupa ortalamas\u0131ndan y\u00fczde 25 az.<\/p>\n
4-Elektrik tedarikinin olmazsa olmaz\u0131
\nIPCC ve Uluslararas\u0131 Enerji Ajans\u0131 (IEA) taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu enerji ge\u00e7i\u015f raporlar\u0131nda, fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda n\u00fckleer enerji kaynaklar\u0131na da yer verilmesi gerekti\u011fine i\u015faret ediliyor. G\u00fcne\u015f, r\u00fczg\u00e2r gibi do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi kesintili olan yenilenebilir enerjilerin 8 milyar insan\u0131n mevcut ve gelecekteki enerji ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131layamayaca\u011f\u0131na vurgu yap\u0131l\u0131yor. N\u00fckleer ve yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n birlikteli\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu enerji ekonomilerine ge\u00e7i\u015f i\u00e7in \u00f6nem arz ediyor. <\/p>\n
5-Gelece\u011fin d\u00fcnyas\u0131 i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6nemi var
\nDenklem basit: Bundan 30 y\u0131l sonra yani 2050 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde k\u00fcresel n\u00fcfusun art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerin ekonomik kalk\u0131nmas\u0131 nedeniyle iki kat daha fazla elektri\u011fe ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z olacak. Ayn\u0131 zamanda karbon n\u00f6trl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sa\u011flamam\u0131z gerekecek. Elektrik \u00fcretimi fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n (k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve gaz) kullan\u0131m\u0131 nedeniyle d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir numaral\u0131 CO2 emisyon kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fundan, sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azaltmak i\u00e7in elektrik \u00fcretiminin s\u0131f\u0131r-karbon olmas\u0131n\u0131 yani karbonsuzla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamal\u0131y\u0131z. \u0130klim bilimcileri, elektrik \u00fcretiminde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu enerjilerin pay\u0131n\u0131n 2050 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar y\u00fczde 30’dan y\u00fczde 80’in \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 tavsiye ediyorlar. <\/p>\n
6-Kullan\u0131lan yak\u0131t\u0131n y\u00fczde 96\u2019s\u0131 geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilir
\nN\u00fckleer enerji tasarruflu bir enerji kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Kullan\u0131lan yak\u0131t\u0131n y\u00fczde 96’s\u0131; y\u00fczde 95\u2019i uranyum ve y\u00fczde 1\u2019i pl\u00fctonyum olmak \u00fczere geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilir. 100 g uranyum, bir ton petrol kadar enerji \u00fcretir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerinden Fransa’da her 10 ampulden biri geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f malzemelerden \u00fcretilen n\u00fckleer enerjiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. <\/p>\n
7- Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 koruyor
\nT\u00fcm d\u00fcnyan\u0131n m\u00fccadele etti\u011fi iklim krizine ek olarak hava kirlili\u011fi \u00f6nemli bir halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunu… Harvard \u00dcniversitesi’nin Birmingham \u00dcniversitesi, Leicester \u00dcniversitesi ve University College London ile i\u015f birli\u011fi i\u00e7inde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re, 2018’de fosil yak\u0131t kirlili\u011finden 8 milyondan fazla insan \u00f6ld\u00fc. D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k her 5 \u00f6l\u00fcmden 1’i k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve dizel gibi fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n yak\u0131lmas\u0131ndan meydana gelmektedir. Fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n aksine n\u00fckleer enerji atmosfere ince par\u00e7ac\u0131klar, nitrojen dioksit, k\u00fck\u00fcrt dioksit, nitrat ve fosfat salmazlar. N\u00fckleer enerji sadece insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, \u00e7evreye zarar vermememekle kalmay\u0131p ayn\u0131 zamanda bunlar\u0131 koruyan bir enerji kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
K\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n etkileri t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyay\u0131 yak\u0131ndan etkiliyor. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler (BM) H\u00fck\u00fcmetleraras\u0131 \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Paneli (IPCC)’nin 4 Nisan’da yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rapor, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki birka\u00e7 y\u0131l\u0131n kritik oldu\u011funu, 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar karbon sal\u0131mlar\u0131 azalmazsa … Devam\u0131n\u0131 Oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":18255,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2,3,5],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18254"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18254"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18254\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18256,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18254\/revisions\/18256"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/18255"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18254"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18254"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18254"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}