K\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma etkileri t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyay\u0131 olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkilemeye devam ediyor. Eriyen buzullar, y\u00fckselen su seviyesi ve s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 da son y\u0131llarda dikkat \u00e7ekici seviyede art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6steriyor. Biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin azalmas\u0131na neden olan s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015flar\u0131, ciddi su sorunlar\u0131 ve yok olan tar\u0131m arazileri nedeniyle gelecekte milyonlarca insan\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 yeri terk edip, ba\u015fka yerlere g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kalaca\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekiliyor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara g\u00f6re karbon emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmamas\u0131 halinde 2100 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar k\u00fcresel ortalama y\u00fczey s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 derecelik art\u0131\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.
\nUluslararas\u0131 Enerji Ajans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (IEA) son a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 analiz, ekonomilerin koronavir\u00fcs pandemisinden kurtulmas\u0131 ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131yla ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131l k\u00fcresel enerji kaynakl\u0131 karbondioksit emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fimdiye kadarki en y\u00fcksek seviyesine y\u00fckseldi\u011fini ortaya koydu. \u201cAcil \u00f6nlem\u201d \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan IEA, 2050’ye kadar net s\u0131f\u0131r emisyon hedeflerine ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in \u00fclkelerin daha fazla \u00e7abalamas\u0131 uyar\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu. Analize g\u00f6re, enerji kaynakl\u0131 k\u00fcresel emisyonlar 2021\u2019de y\u00fczde 6 artarak 36,3 milyar tona ula\u015ft\u0131. K\u00f6m\u00fcr, 2021\u2019de k\u00fcresel karbondioksit (CO2) emisyonlar\u0131ndaki toplam art\u0131\u015f\u0131n y\u00fczde 40\u2019\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdu ve t\u00fcm zamanlar\u0131n en y\u00fcksek seviyesi olan 15,3 milyar tona ula\u015ft\u0131. Do\u011falgazdan kaynaklanan CO2 emisyonlar\u0131 da 2019 seviyelerinin \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve 7,5 milyar tona y\u00fckseldi.
\nNet s\u0131f\u0131r hedefi n\u00fckleersiz olamaz
\nH\u00fck\u00fcmetleraras\u0131 \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Paneli (IPCC) taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan rapora g\u00f6re, sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131 mevcut \u015fekilde devam ederse, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma 2030 ile 2052 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 1,5 santigrat derece s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7ecek. K\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmay\u0131 1,5 santigrat derece ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmak, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin ekolojik sistemler ve ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkisinin de \u00f6nlemesi anlam\u0131na geliyor. Bilim insanlar\u0131na g\u00f6re h\u0131zla b\u00fcy\u00fcyen bir tehdide d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n en \u00f6nemli sebebi olan fosil yak\u0131tlar. Fosil yak\u0131t kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir an \u00f6nce harekete ge\u00e7ilmesi gerekiyor. Avrupa Birli\u011fi (AB) Komisyonu\u2019nun, do\u011fal gaz ve n\u00fckleer enerjiye yap\u0131lan yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 \u2018iklim dostu\u2019 olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n yeni n\u00fckleer yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7mas\u0131 bekleniyor.
\nBirle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Avrupa Ekonomik Konseyi (UNECE) taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan raporda da k\u00fcresel enerji sisteminin ve enerji yo\u011fun end\u00fcstrilerin karbondan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda n\u00fckleer enerjinin rol\u00fcne dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. Mevcut n\u00fckleer santrallerin uzun vadeli i\u015fletiminin g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi kaydedilen UNECE raporuna g\u00f6re, son 50 y\u0131lda, yakla\u015f\u0131k iki y\u0131ll\u0131k toplam k\u00fcresel enerji emisyonuna denk d\u00fc\u015fen 74 gigaton hacminde karbondioksit emisyonu n\u00fckleer enerji sayesinde \u00f6nlendi. UNECE, n\u00fckleer enerjinin Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131 ve 2030 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kalk\u0131nma hedeflerinin yerine getirilmesinde en uygun fiyatl\u0131 enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. \u015eu anda UNECE b\u00f6lgesinde 20 \u00fclke n\u00fckleer santral i\u015fletiyor, 15 \u00fclkede yap\u0131m veya geli\u015ftirme a\u015famas\u0131nda olan yeni reakt\u00f6rlere sahip. 7 \u00fclke ise ilk kez n\u00fckleer enerji program\u0131 geli\u015ftirme s\u00fcrecinde bulunuyor.
\nAvrupa, n\u00fckleerden vazge\u00e7miyor
\nN\u00fckleer kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 gruplar\u0131n Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin n\u00fckleer enerjiden vazge\u00e7tikleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnde yaratmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 alg\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fi yans\u0131tm\u0131yor. 14 AB \u00fclkesi enerji ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 n\u00fckleerden kar\u015f\u0131lamay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekle kalmay\u0131p 6 reakt\u00f6r daha in\u015fa edece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klayan ba\u015fta Fransa olmak \u00fczere Macaristan, Polonya, Finlandiya, Bulgaristan, H\u0131rvatistan, \u00c7ek Cumhuriyeti, Romanya, Slovakya ve Slovenya gibi bir\u00e7ok Avrupa \u00fclkesi yak\u0131n zamanda yeni n\u00fckleer santraller in\u015fa etmeyi planl\u0131yor.
\nS\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kalk\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 n\u00fckleer enerjiye bor\u00e7lu olan Almanya, \u00f6mr\u00fc dolan n\u00fckleer santrallerini kapatma karar\u0131 almas\u0131na ra\u011fmen enerji a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kapatamaz hale geldi. \u00dclkede ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan enerji a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131, halk\u0131n n\u00fckleere deste\u011fini art\u0131r\u0131yor. Uzmanlara g\u00f6re Almanya, artan enerji ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in di\u011fer \u00fclkelerdeki n\u00fckleer santrallerde \u00fcretilen elektrikten yararlanmaya devam edecek.
\nBr\u00fcksel merkezli FORATOM (Avrupa N\u00fckleer enerji End\u00fcstrisi Ticaret Birli\u011fi) ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnlerde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klama ile y\u00fcksek enerji fiyatlar\u0131yla m\u00fccadele etmek ve 2050’de karbondan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir ekonomiye sorunsuz ve uygun fiyatl\u0131 bir ge\u00e7i\u015f sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in mevcut n\u00fckleer filonun operasyonunun geni\u015fletilmesini tavsiye etti. Kurulu\u015f, arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve \u015febeke istikrar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in n\u00fckleeri 2030 y\u0131l\u0131 hedefleri i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131k ara en uygun fiyatl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olarak g\u00f6sterdi.
\nD\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyet, s\u0131f\u0131r emisyon
\nABD\u2019deki Carnegie Bilim Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc K\u00fcresel Ekoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc’nden Lei Duan ve Ken Caldeira’n\u0131n \u201cNature Energy\u201d dergisinde yay\u0131mlanan ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 ise t\u00fcm enerji kaynaklar\u0131na k\u0131yasla en az karbondioksit emisyonuna yol a\u00e7an n\u00fckleer enerjinin en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetli ve s\u0131f\u0131r emisyonlu elektrik sistemlerinin anahtar\u0131 olabilece\u011fini ortaya koyuyor.
\nCaldeira yapt\u0131klar\u0131 analizi \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yor: \u201cYapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z analiz, bug\u00fcn\u00fcn fiyatlar\u0131na g\u00f6re karbondioksit emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rman\u0131n en ucuz yolunun bulunmas\u0131na odakland\u0131. Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn fiyat\u0131yla n\u00fckleerin neredeyse her yerde t\u00fcm elektrik sistemi karbon emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rman\u0131n en ucuz yolu oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fck.\u201d
\nFosil yak\u0131t t\u00fcketiminin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenilir enerji kayna\u011f\u0131
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin elektrik \u00fcretiminde de fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n pay\u0131 2021\u2019de artt\u0131 ve y\u00fczde 64\u2019\u00fc ge\u00e7ti. TE\u0130A\u015e\u2019\u0131n verilerine g\u00f6re, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l \u00fcretilen 331 milyar kilovatsaati bulan elektrik \u00fcretiminde fosil yak\u0131tla (petrol, k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve do\u011falgaz) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan santrallar\u0131n pay\u0131 y\u00fczde 64\u2019\u00fcn \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu oran y\u00fczde 58 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015fti. G\u00fcne\u015f, r\u00fczg\u00e2r ve jeotermal enerji kaynakl\u0131 elektrik \u00fcretimi ise bir y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine g\u00f6re yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 milyar kilovatsaat artarak toplam \u00fcretimde y\u00fczde 16,6\u2019l\u0131k paya ula\u015ft\u0131.
\nSon IPCC raporuna g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrkiye iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finden en fazla etkilenen b\u00f6lgelerden birinde bulunuyor ve toplam sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 86\u2019s\u0131 da hidrokarbon yak\u0131t kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131yor. Uzmanlara g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye’nin net s\u0131f\u0131r emisyon hedefine eri\u015febilmesi i\u00e7in acilen somut ad\u0131mlar atmas\u0131 gerekiyor. Yenilenebilir enerjinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, n\u00fckleer santrallar da elektrik \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in fosil yak\u0131tlara ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131racak bir hamle olarak kabul ediliyor. Fransa gibi \u00e7ok say\u0131da Avrupa \u00fclkesi yeni n\u00fckleer santral yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klarken, T\u00fcrkiye de yak\u0131n gelecekte \u00fc\u00e7 n\u00fckleer santral kurmay\u0131 hedefliyor. Mersin\u2019de in\u015faat\u0131 h\u0131zla devam eden Akkuyu N\u00fckleer G\u00fc\u00e7 Santrali (NGS), Paris \u0130klim Anla\u015fmas\u0131’ndan do\u011fan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri yerine getirmek i\u00e7in belirlenen “2053 net s\u0131f\u0131r emisyon” hedefine ula\u015fmada ilk \u00f6nemli ad\u0131m g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Rosatom\u2019un in\u015fa etti\u011fi Akkuyu NGS\u2019nin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin elektrik ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 10\u2019ununu kar\u015f\u0131layaca\u011f\u0131 ve y\u0131lda 17 milyon ton karbondioksit sal\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 engelleyebilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.
\n7\/24 kullan\u0131labilirlik, g\u00fcvenilirlik, dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck CO2 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n istikrar\u0131 gibi \u00f6zelliklere sahip n\u00fckleer enerji, di\u011fer enerji t\u00fcrlerinin rakibi de\u011fil tamamlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. N\u00fckleer, baz y\u00fck santrali olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131rken yenilenebilir enerji pik y\u00fck taleplerini kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131yor. Her iki kayna\u011f\u0131n birlikte kullan\u0131m\u0131, \u00fclkenin enerji portf\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fcvende tutarken ulusal enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fine ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu kalk\u0131nmay\u0131 sa\u011flayan enerji kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlendiriyor. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
K\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma etkileri t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyay\u0131 olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkilemeye devam ediyor. Eriyen buzullar, y\u00fckselen su seviyesi ve s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 da son y\u0131llarda dikkat \u00e7ekici seviyede art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6steriyor. Biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin … Devam\u0131n\u0131 Oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":18751,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3,11],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18750"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18750"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18750\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18752,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18750\/revisions\/18752"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/18751"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18750"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18750"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18750"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}