K\u00fcresel enerji krizi, h\u0131zla y\u00fckselen fosil yak\u0131t fiyatlar\u0131, enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sorunlar\u0131 ve iddial\u0131 iklim hedefleri i\u00e7in n\u00fckleer enerji \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn en \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Uluslararas\u0131 Enerji Ajans\u0131’n\u0131n (IEA) yeni yay\u0131nlanan “N\u00fckleer Enerji ve G\u00fcvenli Enerji D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc: Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn Zorluklar\u0131ndan Yar\u0131n\u0131n Temiz Enerji Sistemlerine” raporuna g\u00f6re n\u00fckleer “geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f” yapmaya haz\u0131r. IEA raporuna g\u00f6re, 32 \u00fclkedeki toplam 413 gigavat kapasiteli n\u00fckleer enerji santralleri, y\u0131lda 1.5 gigaton k\u00fcresel emisyon sal\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ve 180 milyar metrek\u00fcp k\u00fcresel gaz t\u00fcketiminin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7erek net s\u0131f\u0131r emisyon hedefine ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131na da katk\u0131da bulunuyor. Rapora g\u00f6re s\u0131f\u0131r emisyona ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in yeni santrallerin in\u015fas\u0131 ile n\u00fckleer enerjinin pay\u0131 2020-2050 d\u00f6neminde ikiye katlanacak.
\nAncak \u201cAlmanya n\u00fckleerden vazge\u00e7iyor, d\u00fcnya n\u00fckleerden vazge\u00e7iyor\u201d, n\u00fckleer enerjiye kar\u015f\u0131t fikirleri besleyen gruplar\u0131n en fazla dile getirdi\u011fi c\u00fcmlelerden biri. Peki ger\u00e7ekten Almanya n\u00fckleerden vaz m\u0131 ge\u00e7iyor? Son g\u00fcnlerde ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeler nedeniyle do\u011fal gaz arz\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 hatta tamamen durdurulmas\u0131ndan \u00e7ekinen Avrupa’n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomisi olan Almanya\u2019da bu konuda \u00e7ok ciddi tart\u0131\u015fmalar ya\u015fan\u0131yor. Almanya Ekonomi Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 al\u0131nan son tedbirlerle, gaz t\u00fcketimini azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 ve elektrik \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in k\u00f6m\u00fcr santrallar\u0131n\u0131n daha fazla kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Almanya Ekonomi ve \u0130klim Koruma Bakan\u0131 Robert Habeck, \u00e7evreye zararl\u0131 da olsa, \u00fclkenin elektrik \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in k\u00f6m\u00fcr kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak zorunda kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulad\u0131. Berlin’in karar\u0131, 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar k\u00f6m\u00fcr kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azaltma s\u00f6z\u00fc veren Sosyal Demokratlar, Ye\u015filler ve liberal FDP’den olu\u015fan iktidar koalisyonunun y\u00f6n de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fine i\u015faret ediyor.
\nAlmanya Maliye Bakan\u0131 Christian Linder ise n\u00fckleerin \u00fclkedeki enerji sorununun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne destek olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getirdi. N\u00fckleer santrallerin faaliyet s\u00fcresinin uzat\u0131larak enerji fiyatlar\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f ile m\u00fccadele edilebilece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcren Linder ARD\u2019ye verdi\u011fi r\u00f6portajda \u201cEnerji arz\u0131 sorununa ili\u015fkin ideolojik olmayan bir bi\u00e7imde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek zorunday\u0131z. G\u00fcvenli n\u00fckleer g\u00fc\u00e7 santrallerimiz var\u201d dedi.
\nAlman halk\u0131 n\u00fckleeri destekliyor
\nAlmanya\u2019n\u0131n n\u00fckleer enerjiden vazge\u00e7me karar\u0131 halk taraf\u0131ndan da sorgulan\u0131yor. Yap\u0131lan anketlere g\u00f6re Alman halk\u0131 artan bir oranda n\u00fckleer santrallerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinin uzat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 destekliyor. Fiyat kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma hizmeti sunan Verivox’un son anketinde g\u00f6re, Almanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 77’si elektrik fiyatlar\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f\u0131n durdurulmas\u0131n\u0131 isterken, \u00fc\u00e7te biri bunun ancak n\u00fckleer enerji ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilece\u011fine inan\u0131yor. Bu arada Almanya merkezli INSA ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u015firketi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan yak\u0131n d\u00f6nemdeki bir ankete g\u00f6re, Almanlar\u0131n %50\u2019si Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n tetikledi\u011fi enerji krizini takiben n\u00fckleer santrallerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcrelerinin uzat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 destekliyor.
\nKapatma, en az 1 milyar ton karbondioksit emisyonuna yol a\u00e7abilir
\nAlmanya, Brokdorf, Grohnde ve Gundremmingen C reakt\u00f6rlerini Ocak\u2019ta kapatm\u0131\u015f, kalan 3 n\u00fckleer santrali ise bu y\u0131l sonunda kapatma karar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak Berlin merkezli bilim ve \u00e7evre derne\u011fi \u00d6komoderne e.V. taraf\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en y\u0131l yapt\u0131r\u0131lan ve k\u00e2r amac\u0131 g\u00fctmeyen Finli ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u015firketi Think Atom taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, Almanya\u2019n\u0131n 6 n\u00fckleer santrallini kapatma politikas\u0131n\u0131n, \u00fclkenin en az 1 milyar ton karbondioksit emisyonuna neden olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymu\u015ftu.
\nBununla birlikte, Almanya\u2019n\u0131n reakt\u00f6rler yerine k\u00f6m\u00fcrle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan elektrik santrallerini kapatmas\u0131 halinde, \u00fclkede 2028 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar k\u00f6m\u00fcrle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan elektrik \u00fcretiminin tamamen sonland\u0131rabilece\u011fi kaydedilmi\u015fti. Bu durum, s\u00f6z konusu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada \u201cBir Milyar Ton\u201d olarak dikkat \u00e7ekilen b\u00f6l\u00fcmde de bahsedildi\u011fi \u00fczere, eski ba\u015fbakan Angela Merkel y\u00f6netiminin planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan 10 y\u0131l \u00f6nce ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f olacak. Raporda, Almanya’n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu enerji geli\u015ftirme ve yayma \u00e7abalar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u015fimdiye kadar \u00e7ok az ilerleme kaydetti\u011fine de dikkat \u00e7ekiliyor. Aradan ge\u00e7en 20 y\u0131l ve yap\u0131lan y\u00fcz milyarlarca avroluk harcamadan sonra, biok\u00fctle, g\u00fcne\u015f ve r\u00fczg\u00e2r gibi yenilenebilir teknolojiler taraf\u0131ndan \u00fclkenin elektrik ihtiyac\u0131na yap\u0131lan katk\u0131 sadece %20 oran\u0131nda kald\u0131. K\u00f6m\u00fcr, petrol ve do\u011fal gaz gibi fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n elektrik ihtiyac\u0131na katk\u0131s\u0131 ise %75’ten daha fazla. Almanya, kendi hedeflerine ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in karbon emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcratle kesmek zorunda. Bu hedeflere ula\u015fman\u0131n tek yolu n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6rlerin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 politikas\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7ilmesi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.
\n\u201c\u0130klim hedeflerine ula\u015fman\u0131n en s\u00fcratli ve kesin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yolu, n\u00fckleer santralleri a\u00e7\u0131k tutmak\u201d
\nEnerji uzman\u0131 ve \u201cBir Milyar Ton\u201d raporunun ba\u015f yazar\u0131 Rauli Partanen, konuya ili\u015fkin \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi: \u201c2020’li y\u0131llarda \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 hareket etmemiz ve emisyonlar\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azaltmam\u0131z gerekti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, bu hedeflere ula\u015fman\u0131n en s\u00fcratli ve kesin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yolu n\u00fckleer santralleri a\u00e7\u0131k tutmak olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Elimizdeki en uygun teknolojilerden biri olmadan iklim sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak gelecek nesillere kar\u015f\u0131 olduk\u00e7a riskli ve sorumsuz bir davran\u0131\u015f \u015fekli olacakt\u0131r.\u201d Ad\u0131, \u201cEkomodern\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen dernek, reakt\u00f6rleri aktif tutman\u0131n Almanya i\u00e7in emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltman\u0131n en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetli yollar\u0131ndan biri olaca\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.
\nYeniden d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131
\nAvrupa\u2019da da n\u00fckleer enerjiye ilgi yeniden art\u0131yor. Fransa, Macaristan, Polonya, Finlandiya, Bulgaristan, H\u0131rvatistan, \u00c7ekya, Romanya, Slovakya ve Slovenya gibi \u00fclkeler yak\u0131n zamanda yeni modern reakt\u00f6rler in\u015fa edeceklerini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Bel\u00e7ika\u2019n\u0131n enerji arz s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ya\u015famamak i\u00e7in 7 n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn faaliyet s\u00fcresini 10 y\u0131l uzatabilece\u011fini duyurdu. Son aylarda ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeler, n\u00fckleer enerjiden vazge\u00e7me karar\u0131 alan Almanya\u2019n\u0131n karar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok say\u0131da siyaset ve sanayi \u00e7evrelerince sorgulanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Almanya, eski Ba\u015fbakan Angela Merkel d\u00f6neminde Fuku\u015fima’n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan kamuoyu bask\u0131s\u0131yla n\u00fckleer santralleri kademeli olarak kapataca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00dclkede \u015fu anda siyasi ve sanayicilerden bir k\u0131sm\u0131 n\u00fckleer santrallerin kullan\u0131m s\u00fcrelerinin uzat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve \u015fu anda faaliyette olan son 3 n\u00fckleer santralin planland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi bu y\u0131l sonunda kapat\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131 istiyor.
\nD\u00fcnya n\u00fckleerden vazge\u00e7miyor
\nAvrupa\u2019da pek \u00e7ok \u00fclke, h\u0131zla artan elektrik talebi, dalgalanan fosil yak\u0131t fiyatlar\u0131 ve iklim krizinin etkilerini azaltmak i\u00e7in n\u00fckleer enerjiye y\u00f6neliyor. Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, n\u00fckleer enerjinin 2050 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar \u00fclkenin elektri\u011finin y\u00fczde 25’ini sa\u011flamas\u0131n\u0131 istiyor. Nisan ay\u0131nda \u00c7in, halihaz\u0131rda faaliyette olan 54 ve yap\u0131m a\u015famas\u0131nda olan 19 reakt\u00f6re ek olarak alt\u0131 yeni reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 onaylad\u0131. Fransa Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Emmanuel Macron, Fransa’n\u0131n 2028’den itibaren 14 yeni n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6r in\u015fa edece\u011fini duyurdu. Polonya ise mart ay\u0131nda 6 yeni reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in planlar\u0131n\u0131 sundu. G\u00fcney Kore h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, n\u00fckleerin \u00fclkenin enerji kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndaki pay\u0131n\u0131 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar en az %30’da tutmay\u0131 hedefleyen yeni bir enerji politikas\u0131 belirledi.
\nUluslararas\u0131 Atom Enerjisi Ajans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (IAEA) verilerine g\u00f6re ise \u015fu anda d\u00fcnyada ABD, 92 n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6r\u00fcyle ilk s\u0131rada yer al\u0131rken, bu \u00fclkeyi 56 reakt\u00f6rle Fransa takip ediyor. Bu \u00fclkeleri 55 reakt\u00f6rle \u00c7in izlerken, onun ard\u0131ndan 37 reakt\u00f6rle Rusya, 33 n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6rle Japonya ve 25 reakt\u00f6rle G\u00fcney Kore geliyor. 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fransa elektrik ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 70\u2019ini n\u00fckleerden kar\u015f\u0131larken, Bel\u00e7ika y\u00fczde 50,8\u2019ini, Macaristan 46.8\u2019ini, Finlandiya y\u00fczde 32,8\u2019ini n\u00fckleerden elde etti. \u015eu anda Akkuyu N\u00fckleer G\u00fc\u00e7 Santrali (NGS) ile ilk n\u00fckleer santralini hayata ge\u00e7irmeye haz\u0131rlanan T\u00fcrkiye dahil aralar\u0131nda Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri, Fransa, Japonya, \u00c7in gibi \u00fclkelerin de bulundu\u011fu 17 \u00fclkede 54 yeni n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn yap\u0131m\u0131 devam ediyor. Bu projelerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n petrol, do\u011fal gaz ve elektrik fiyatlar\u0131ndaki son art\u0131\u015flarla daha da artmas\u0131 bekleniyor.
\nT\u00fcrkiye ve Akkuyu NGS
\nRusya Devlet Atom Enerjisi Kurumu Rosatom\u2019un in\u015fa etti\u011fi Akkuyu NGS, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin elektrik ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 10\u2019unu kar\u015f\u0131layacak. Proje, \u00fclkenin iklim krizi ile m\u00fccadelede \u00f6nemli kilometre ta\u015flar\u0131ndan biri olarak de\u011ferlendiriliyor. Mersin\u2019in G\u00fclnar il\u00e7esinde in\u015fas\u0131 h\u0131zla devam eden proje toplam 4 bin 800 megavat kurulu g\u00fc\u00e7le tam kapasite devreye girdi\u011finde y\u0131lda yakla\u015f\u0131k 35 milyar kilovatsaat elektrik \u00fcretece\u011fi tahmin ediliyor. S\u0131f\u0131r emisyonla, \u00e7evreye zararl\u0131 sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmadan, kesintisiz elektrik \u00fcretilebilecek santralin faaliyete ge\u00e7ti\u011finde tek ba\u015f\u0131na y\u0131lda 17 milyon ton karbondioksit emisyonunu \u00f6nleyece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bu da 9,6 milyon motorlu arac\u0131n, bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle \u0130stanbul\u2019da kay\u0131tl\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131t say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k iki kat\u0131 arac\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 CO2 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi anlam\u0131na geliyor. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
K\u00fcresel enerji krizi, h\u0131zla y\u00fckselen fosil yak\u0131t fiyatlar\u0131, enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sorunlar\u0131 ve iddial\u0131 iklim hedefleri i\u00e7in n\u00fckleer enerji \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn en \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Uluslararas\u0131 Enerji Ajans\u0131’n\u0131n (IEA) yeni yay\u0131nlanan … Devam\u0131n\u0131 Oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":20018,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7,2,3,11],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20017"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=20017"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20017\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20019,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20017\/revisions\/20019"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/20018"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=20017"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=20017"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=20017"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}