T\u00fcrkiye’nin ilk n\u00fckleer santrali olma \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan Akkuyu N\u00fckleer G\u00fc\u00e7 Santrali\u2019nin (NGS) ilk \u00fcnitesinin gelecek y\u0131l faaliyete ge\u00e7mesi planlan\u0131yor. N\u00fckleer teknolojide d\u00fcnyadaki lider kurulu\u015flardan biri olan Rosatom taraf\u0131ndan Mersin\u2019in G\u00fclnar il\u00e7esinde in\u015fa edilen Akkuyu NGS\u2019de d\u00f6rt \u00fcnitede birden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar h\u0131zla s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Y\u0131ll\u0131k 35 milyar kilovatsaat elektrik \u00fcretimi ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin enerji ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 10\u2019unu kar\u015f\u0131layacak proje, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n k\u00fcresel bir enerji kriziyle m\u00fccadele etti\u011fi bir d\u00f6nemde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kalk\u0131nma hedefleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli yat\u0131r\u0131mlardan biri. \u201c50\u2019lerde k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde kalk\u0131nma hedefimizdi\u2026 Bunun \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7en koskoca 70 y\u0131l\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u00fclkemiz ilk defa bir n\u00fckleer santrale kavu\u015facak\u201d s\u00f6zleri Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 K\u00fclliyesi Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Bilim Dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 ve Karadeniz Teknik \u00dcniversitesi Fen Fak\u00fcltesi Fizik B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Prof. Dr. U\u011fur \u00c7evik\u2019e ait. \u00c7evik\u2019e g\u00f6re Akkuyu NGS, ayn\u0131 zamanda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 70 y\u0131ll\u0131k n\u00fckleer santral hedefini simgeliyor.
\nT\u00fcrkiye-Rusya i\u015f birli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da tarihsel bir \u00f6neme sahip proje, sadece \u00fcretece\u011fi elektrikle de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda ye\u015fil enerji hedefine yapaca\u011f\u0131 katk\u0131yla da \u00f6nemli bir rol \u00fcstlenecek. Uzun vadede T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de n\u00fckleer bilim ve teknolojisinin geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in de \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131m olmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Akkuyu yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemine dikkat \u00e7eken Prof. Dr. U\u011fur \u00c7evik, \u201cDikkatinizi \u00e7ekmek isterim, \u00fclkemizin bir kalemdeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 olan (yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 milyar dolar) Akkuyu \u201cYap, \u0130\u015flet, Sahip Ol\u201d (Build, Own, Operate) modeliyle yap\u0131lan d\u00fcnyadaki ilk n\u00fckleer santral projesidir\u201d dedi.
\nHer biri 1200 MW elektrik \u00fcretim kapasitesine sahip d\u00f6rt \u00fcniteden olu\u015fan Akkuyu\u2019nun toplam 4800 MW\u2019l\u0131k kapasiteye sahip olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatan \u00c7evik, \u201cBitti\u011finde toplamda 4800 MW kapasiteye sahip olacak olan santralin -d\u00fcnyadaki muadilleri ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda- b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fcce sahip oldu\u011fu rahatl\u0131kla s\u00f6ylenebilir. \u0130lk \u00fcnitenin Cumhuriyetimizin kurulu\u015funun 100. y\u0131l\u0131nda devreye al\u0131nmas\u0131 planlanmaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer reakt\u00f6rlerin de birer y\u0131l arayla devreye al\u0131nmas\u0131 bekleniyor. Akkuyu N\u00fckleer Santrali tam 60 y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle (istenirse 20 y\u0131l daha uzat\u0131labilir) \u00fcretim yaparak \u00fclkemizin enerji ihtiyac\u0131na 7\/24 hizmet verecek\u201d \u015feklinde konu\u015ftu.
\nN\u00fckleer teknolojide Rusya tecr\u00fcbesi
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin uzun y\u0131llara dayanan n\u00fckleer maceras\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde d\u00fcnyada y\u00fczlerce santral in\u015fa edildi\u011fini vurgulayan \u00c7evik, T\u00fcrkiye ve Rusya Federasyonu aras\u0131nda, iki \u00fclkenin liderleri aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131cak ili\u015fkiye de dayanan bir yak\u0131nl\u0131kla, n\u00fckleer teknolojiler alan\u0131nda Rusya\u2019n\u0131n tecr\u00fcbesinden faydalanma karar\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aktard\u0131. \u00c7evik \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti: \u201cArd\u0131ndan da yap\u0131m\u0131 art\u0131k y\u0131lan hik\u00e2yesine d\u00f6nen Akkuyu N\u00fckleer G\u00fc\u00e7 Santrali\u2019nin in\u015fa edilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ortak karar\u2026 Bununla ilgili anla\u015fma, Rusya Federasyonu H\u00fck\u00fbmeti ile T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti H\u00fck\u00fbmeti aras\u0131nda, 12 May\u0131s 2010 tarihinde Ankara\u2019da imzaland\u0131. 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Akkuyu NGS\u2019nin \u00c7evre Etki De\u011ferlendirme Raporu\u2019nu onaylad\u0131. 3 Nisan 2018\u2019de de T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan ile Rusya Federasyonu Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Vladimir Putin\u2019in kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla Akkuyu NGS\u2019nin birinci g\u00fc\u00e7 \u00fcnitesinin temel atma t\u00f6reni ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. B\u00f6ylece, tam 70 y\u0131l sonra Rusya Federasyonu\u2019nun \u015firketi olan Rosatom\u2019un yapaca\u011f\u0131 bir n\u00fckleer santrale kavu\u015facak \u00fclkemiz i\u00e7in santraldeki birinci g\u00fc\u00e7 \u00fcnitesinin in\u015fas\u0131na ili\u015fkin tam kapsaml\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar resmen ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f oldu.\u201d<\/p>\n
Rusya\u2019da e\u011fitim yeti\u015fmi\u015f insan g\u00fcc\u00fc sa\u011fl\u0131yor
\nAkkuyu ile ciddi bir know-how transferi ve tecr\u00fcbe payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Bug\u00fcne kadar 317 T\u00fcrk \u00f6\u011frencisi e\u011fitim i\u00e7in Rusya\u2019ya g\u00f6nderildi. 246\u2019s\u0131 oradaki e\u011fitimlerini tamamlayarak Akkuyu\u2019da i\u015f ba\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131. Rusya\u2019da 71 \u00f6\u011frenci de e\u011fitimine devam ediyor. \u00c7evik bu konuda da \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi: \u201c\u0130n\u015faat a\u015famas\u0131nda ve i\u015fletme s\u00fcrecinde binlerce \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 olan proje kapsam\u0131nda -h\u00fck\u00fbmetler aras\u0131 anla\u015fmalar gere\u011fi- T\u00fcrk \u00f6\u011frencilerimizin n\u00fckleer g\u00fc\u00e7 santralleri konusunda yeti\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in Rusya\u2019da e\u011fitim almalar\u0131 sa\u011fland\u0131. Bu s\u00fcrecin yeti\u015fmi\u015f insan g\u00fcc\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemi bir yana, ileride kendi yerli ve mill\u00ee reakt\u00f6rlerimizi yapmak konusunda \u00fclkemize b\u00fcy\u00fck avantajlar sa\u011flayacak bir geli\u015fme bu.\u201d<\/p>\n
Akkuyu ile yetinilmemeli
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin son zamanlarda ya\u015fanan k\u00fcresel krizler de dikkate al\u0131narak, sadece Akkuyu ile yetinilmemesi gerekti\u011fini ve n\u00fckleerde milli bir hamle ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurgulayan \u00c7evik, \u201cD\u00fcnyada 70 y\u0131ld\u0131r faal olan ve art\u0131k d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc nesillerinin ticari olarak \u00fcretilmesi planlanan n\u00fckleer g\u00fc\u00e7 santralleri i\u00e7in \u00fclkemizin sadece Akkuyu ile yetinmeyip, son zamanlarda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z k\u00fcresel krizler de dikkate al\u0131narak, bu konuda yerli ve mill\u00ee bir hamleyi eyleme ge\u00e7irmesi fevkalade \u00f6nem arz etmektedir. \u0130HA ve S\u0130HA gibi savunma sanayii enstr\u00fcmanlar\u0131nda elde edilen parmakla g\u00f6sterilecek ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131n her alanda yakalanmas\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikle de enerji konusunda her y\u0131l onlarca milyar dolar harcayan \u00fclkemizin d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fkusuz, bu sekt\u00f6rlere yap\u0131lacak yat\u0131r\u0131mlarla sa\u011flanacakt\u0131r. Tabii ki t\u00fcm bu yat\u0131r\u0131mlar yap\u0131l\u0131rken b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00fczerinde durdu\u011fu s\u0131f\u0131r karbon ayak izi ve \u00e7evre hassasiyeti dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda n\u00fckleer g\u00fc\u00e7 santralleri de \u00f6nemli bir alternatif olacakt\u0131r\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
\u0130n\u015faata ba\u015flamadan 42 y\u0131l \u00f6nce lisans\u0131 al\u0131nan bir santral
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin n\u00fckleer enerji aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hatta d\u00fcnya ile rekabet edebilecek bir h\u0131zla geli\u015fti\u011fini hat\u0131rlatan \u00c7evik, \u201cABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Eisenhower\u2019\u0131n Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler\u2019 de (1953) \u201cBar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in atom\u201d slogan\u0131 ile g\u00fcndeme getirdi\u011fi n\u00fckleer santraller, o y\u0131llarda \u00fclkemiz i\u00e7in de \u00f6nemli bir kalk\u0131nma hedefi olarak tespit edilmi\u015fti. Bu s\u00fcreci 1956 y\u0131l\u0131nda Atom Enerjisi Komisyonu Genel Sekreterli\u011fi\u2019nin (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ad\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye Enerji, N\u00fckleer ve Maden Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu) kurulmas\u0131 ile ba\u015flatan ve bu konuda \u00f6nc\u00fcler aras\u0131nda yerini alan T\u00fcrkiye, bir\u00e7ok te\u015febb\u00fcste bulunsa da ne yaz\u0131k ki 2000\u2019li y\u0131llara kadar bir sonu\u00e7 alamad\u0131\u201d dedi. \u00c7evik bu durumu, \u201cO esnada d\u00fcnya ise h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ticari n\u00fckleer g\u00fc\u00e7 santrallerini in\u015fa etmeye devam ediyordu…\u201d s\u00f6zleriyle aktard\u0131.
\nBu yar\u0131\u015fta geri kalmak istemeyen T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 1976\u2019da Mersin yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Akkuyu mevkiinde bir n\u00fckleer santralin in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in lisans ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydeden \u00c7evik, \u201cNe zaman? 1976\u2019da\u2026 Yani, \u015fu an in\u015fas\u0131 devam eden n\u00fckleer g\u00fc\u00e7 santralinin lisans\u0131 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda in\u015faat\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan tam 42 y\u0131l \u00f6nce al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu tarihten sonra, bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fbmet, pek \u00e7ok defa teknik \u015fartnameler haz\u0131rlay\u0131p ihaleye \u00e7\u0131kmak istese de her \u015feyden \u00f6nce finansal garanti eksikli\u011finden ve daha bir\u00e7ok sebepten dolay\u0131 s\u00fcreci ba\u015flatamad\u0131\u201d ifadelerini kulland\u0131.
\nN\u00fckleerin \u00f6nc\u00fclerindendi, \u00e7ok ge\u00e7 kald\u0131
\nT\u00fcrkiye, n\u00fckleer teknolojideki gelece\u011fi 1950’li y\u0131llarda fark eden \u00f6nc\u00fc \u00fclkelerden biri ancak n\u00fckleere ge\u00e7i\u015fte ge\u00e7 kald\u0131. 1950\u2019li y\u0131llardan sonra T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de iktidara gelen h\u00fck\u00fbmetlerin istisnas\u0131z tamam\u0131n\u0131n program\u0131nda n\u00fckleer santral yap\u0131m\u0131 yer ald\u0131. Ancak n\u00fckleer santral projesi bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc hayata ge\u00e7irilemedi. Prof. Dr. U\u011fur \u00c7evik\u2019e g\u00f6re d\u00fcnyada n\u00fckleer santrali olan \u00fclkelerdeki kalk\u0131nma s\u00fcrecine ve ekonomilerine bakmak n\u00fckleer enerjinin \u00f6nemini anlamak i\u00e7in yeterli ve \u2018T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 70 y\u0131ll\u0131k hayali olan Akkuyu tam da bu nedenle T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli.\u2019
\nN\u00fckleer santrallerin geli\u015fmi\u015f veya geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde olmas\u0131n\u0131n onlar\u0131n y\u00fcksek bir teknolojiye sahip oldu\u011funun a\u00e7\u0131k g\u00f6stergesi oldu\u011funun alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izen \u00c7evik\u2019in bu konudaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri \u015f\u00f6yle: \u201cBug\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada, 438\u2019i i\u015fletmede, 56\u2019s\u0131 yap\u0131m a\u015famas\u0131nda olmak \u00fczere in\u015faat\u0131 494 adet n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6r bulunuyor. 1950\u2019li y\u0131llarda ba\u015flayan s\u00fcre\u00e7ten bu yana I., II., III. ve III+ nesil reakt\u00f6rler 32 \u00fclkede faaliyet g\u00f6steriyor. Bu santrallerin geli\u015fmi\u015f veya geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde olmas\u0131 onlar\u0131n y\u00fcksek bir teknolojiye sahip oldu\u011funun en a\u00e7\u0131k g\u00f6stergesi. Her nesil -bir \u00f6nceki neslin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 problemlerden dersler \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131larak- daha g\u00fcvenlikli, daha y\u00fcksek teknoloji ile in\u015fa edilir h\u00e2le geldi. N\u00fckleer teknolojiler konusunda s\u00f6z sahibi olan \u00fclkeler kendi reakt\u00f6r tiplerini \u00fcreterek bu konuda d\u00fcnyada s\u00f6z sahibi olmak i\u00e7in yar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde. Mevcut reakt\u00f6rler d\u00fcnya enerji ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 10\u2019undan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor; in\u015faat\u0131 biten reakt\u00f6rlerle birlikte bu oran\u0131n artmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olacak.\u201d<\/p>\n
N\u00fckleerin \u00fclke menfaatleri i\u00e7in \u00f6nemi var
\nUluslararas\u0131 Enerji Ajans\u0131n\u0131n (IEA) \u201cN\u00fckleer Enerji ve G\u00fcvenli Enerji D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc: Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn Zorluklar\u0131ndan Yar\u0131n\u0131n Temiz Enerji Sistemlerine\u201d raporuna g\u00f6re de s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ve temiz enerji sistemleri in\u015fa etmek ise n\u00fckleer enerji olmadan daha zor, daha riskli ve daha pahal\u0131 olacak. Bug\u00fcn 32 \u00fclkedeki toplam 413 gigavat kapasiteli n\u00fckleer enerji santralleri, y\u0131lda 1,5 gigaton k\u00fcresel emisyon sal\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ve 180 milyar metrek\u00fcp k\u00fcresel gaz t\u00fcketiminin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7erek net s\u0131f\u0131r emisyon hedefine ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131na da katk\u0131da bulunuyor. Bir enerji santralinin belirli zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00fcretti\u011fi g\u00fc\u00e7 miktar\u0131n\u0131n, o zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n her saati tam kapasitede \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak \u00fcretebilece\u011fi g\u00fc\u00e7 miktar\u0131na b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc olarak tan\u0131mlanan \u201cKapasite Fakt\u00f6r\u00fc\u201dn\u00fcn enerji \u00fcretiminde \u00f6nemli bir parametre oldu\u011funu belirten \u00c7evik, \u201cG\u00fcne\u015f ve r\u00fczg\u00e2r santralleri konusunda da d\u00fcnya ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde yat\u0131r\u0131mlar yaparak d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 azaltmaya ve geli\u015fen, b\u00fcy\u00fcyen sanayisinin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00fclkemiz, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 konusunda da benzer \u015fekilde yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na devam etmektedir. Di\u011fer enerji \u00fcretim t\u00fcrlerine k\u0131yasla kapasite fakt\u00f6r\u00fc \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek olan (yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 95) n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6rler sadece bak\u0131m esnas\u0131nda devreden \u00e7\u0131kacak. Bu nedenle, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n nispeten d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kapasite fakt\u00f6rleri (\u00f6rne\u011fin g\u00fcne\u015f y\u00fczde 25) d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, bu reakt\u00f6rlerin \u00fclke menfaati a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemi gayet a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r\u201d de\u011ferlendirmesinde bulundu. <\/p>\n
N\u00fckleer santrale ne kadar ihtiya\u00e7 var?
\nEnerji ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131nda konu n\u00fckleer santrallere gelince insanlar\u0131n \u00e7ok da ayn\u0131 fikirde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden Prof. Dr. U\u011fur \u00c7evik, bu konuda da \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi: \u201cBelki de bu a\u015famada hemen \u015funu sormak gerekir: Enerji talebini kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in n\u00fckleer bir santrale ne kadar ihtiya\u00e7 var? Rusya-Ukrayna krizi g\u00f6sterdi ki, yeteri kadar yer alt\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131na sahip olmayan Avrupa gibi, \u00fclkemiz de bu konuda \u00e7ok (hatta \u00e7ok \u00e7ok) \u015fansl\u0131 olan kom\u015fular\u0131na (Azerbaycan, Rusya, \u0130ran, Irak) ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 durumda… Do\u011falgaz, petrol ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr gibi fosil temelli enerji kaynaklar\u0131 bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkenin enerji \u00fcretiminin y\u00fczde 50\u2019sinden fazlas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor. Artan d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusu ve beraberinde geli\u015fen tar\u0131m ve sanayi \u00fcretimi, enerji taleplerinde ciddi art\u0131\u015flara sebep oldu; bu y\u00fczden de \u00fclkeler -do\u011fal olarak- artan talepleri kar\u015f\u0131lamak ad\u0131na her t\u00fcrl\u00fc enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaya y\u00f6neldi. \u00d6zellikle yenilenemeyen enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sebebiyet verdi\u011fi k\u00fcresel iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine ra\u011fmen \u00fclkelerin bundan vazge\u00e7mesi kolay g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor. Bir de Rusya-Ukrayna krizi ve sonras\u0131 geli\u015fen olaylar, Rusya\u2019ya uygulanan ambargo Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n do\u011falgaz tedarikinde s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131ya yol a\u00e7t\u0131; h\u00e2l b\u00f6yle olunca \u00fclkelerin bir\u00e7o\u011fu yakla\u015fmakta olan k\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in \u015fimdiden tedbir almaya ba\u015flad\u0131: \u201cWinter is coming…\u201d Kravat takmay\u0131n diyen \u0130spanya Ba\u015fbakan\u0131ndan tutun da Fransa\u2019da \u201cklima \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor ise kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kapal\u0131 tutun!\u201d uyar\u0131lar\u0131na kadar pek \u00e7ok tedbir al\u0131nd\u0131. Artan do\u011falgaz fiyatlar\u0131 ve tedarikte ya\u015fanan s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar da t\u00fcm bu ya\u015fananlar\u0131n tuzu biberi olmu\u015ftur. Tabii, bu a\u015famada \u00fclkelerin di\u011fer enerji kaynaklar\u0131na y\u00f6nelimi de g\u00fcndeme geldi. Y\u0131llardan beri d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u201cacil\u201d g\u00fcndeminde olan k\u00fcresel iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi nedeniyle d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir\u00e7ok problem t\u00fcm enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6yle kolayca kullan\u0131m\u0131na engel olu\u015fturuyor! Kim ne derse desin, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ortalama y\u00fczey s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ya\u015fanan yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,5 \u00b0C\u2019lik art\u0131\u015f insano\u011flu i\u00e7in son y\u0131llardaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck tehdit olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak geli\u015fen iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck riskleri g\u00f6ren \u00fclkeler Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u00f6nderli\u011finde bu k\u00fcresel problemin \u00fcstesinden gelmek i\u00e7in gayret sarf ediyor. Bunlardan sonuncusu Glasgow\u2019daki iklim zirvesidir 2021\u2019de Glasgow\u2019daki \u0130klim Zirvesi sonras\u0131 \u201cs\u0131f\u0131r karbon ayak izi\u201d i\u00e7in anla\u015fan d\u00fcnya \u00fclkeleri ve k\u0131ta Avrupas\u0131 do\u011falgaz ve n\u00fckleer konusunda anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fse de Avrupa Parlamentosu do\u011falgaz ve n\u00fckleer enerjiyi \u201c\u00e7evresel a\u00e7\u0131dan s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ekonomik faaliyetler\u201d olarak kabul etti. Tabii bu konuda daha \u00f6nceden yat\u0131r\u0131m yapan \u00fclkeler d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc konusunda bir ad\u0131m \u00f6nde. \u00d6rne\u011fin Fransa enerji ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 70\u2019ini n\u00fckleer enerjiden kar\u015f\u0131lamakta\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n
Avrupa\u2019da n\u00fckleer santralleri kapatma karar\u0131 ask\u0131da
\nCumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Bilim Dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 Prof. Dr. U\u011fur \u00c7evik\u2019in dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fi \u2018enerji arz\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile m\u00fccadele\u2019 gibi k\u00fcresel g\u00fcndemin s\u0131cak ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 son d\u00f6nem Avrupa\u2019da n\u00fckleere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f ya\u015fanmas\u0131n\u0131n da ana sebepleri\u2026
\nElektrik ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 25’ini n\u00fckleer santrallerden kar\u015f\u0131layan ancak Akkuyu konusunda uzun y\u0131llar olumsuz yakla\u015f\u0131m sergileyen ve projenin iptalini isteyen Avrupa \u00fclkeleri, n\u00fckleer santralleri kapatma takvimini ask\u0131ya almaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bel\u00e7ika, n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6rleri devreden \u00e7\u0131karma plan\u0131n\u0131 ertelemeye karar veren ilk \u00fclkelerden oldu. Son 10 y\u0131ld\u0131r kademeli \u015fekilde n\u00fckleer santrallerini kapatan Almanya\u2019da ise kalan \u00fc\u00e7 reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn kapat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ertelenmesi g\u00fcndemde. N\u00fckleerden vazge\u00e7ti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klayan Japonya\u2019da faaliyeti durdurulan reakt\u00f6rlerin tekrar elektrik \u00fcretimine ge\u00e7mesi ve yeni nesil n\u00fckleer enerji santrallar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k, Fransa, ABD, Kanada ve \u00c7in ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok \u00fclke, yeni n\u00fckleer yat\u0131r\u0131m planlar\u0131n\u0131 hayata ge\u00e7irmeye haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor. Fransa, 2050’ye kadar 14 yeni n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6r kurma ve SMR teknolojilerine 1 milyar avro yat\u0131r\u0131m yapma plan\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Hollanda 2 yeni n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6r yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 planlarken, Polonya da b\u00fcy\u00fck ve mini \u00f6l\u00e7ekli n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6r yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131yor. Afrika’da ise ilk n\u00fckleer enerji santralinin in\u015fas\u0131na ba\u015flayan M\u0131s\u0131r, k\u0131tada G\u00fcney Afrika’dan sonra n\u00fckleerden elektrik \u00fcretecek ikinci \u00fclke olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Rusya Devlet N\u00fckleer Enerji Kurulu\u015fu Rosatom\u2019un in\u015fa edece\u011fi M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n ilk n\u00fckleer santrali Dabaa da her biri 1200 megavat kapasiteli 4 \u00fcniteden olu\u015facak. \u00c7in, her y\u0131l 6 ila 8 n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6r in\u015fa ederek, bu alanda 2030\u2019a kadar d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olmay\u0131 hedefliyor. N\u00fckleerden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f stratejisini devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakan G\u00fcney Kore de 2030\u2019a kadar 10 yeni n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6r kurmay\u0131 planl\u0131yor. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00fcrkiye’nin ilk n\u00fckleer santrali olma \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan Akkuyu N\u00fckleer G\u00fc\u00e7 Santrali\u2019nin (NGS) ilk \u00fcnitesinin gelecek y\u0131l faaliyete ge\u00e7mesi planlan\u0131yor. N\u00fckleer teknolojide d\u00fcnyadaki lider kurulu\u015flardan biri olan Rosatom taraf\u0131ndan Mersin\u2019in G\u00fclnar … Devam\u0131n\u0131 Oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":21074,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2,3,11],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21073"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21073"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21073\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21075,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21073\/revisions\/21075"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/21074"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21073"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21073"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21073"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}