S\u00fcleyman Demirel \u00dcniversitesi M\u00fchendislik Fak\u00fcltesi Jeofizik M\u00fchendisli\u011fi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Sismoloji Anabilim Dal\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi Prof. Dr. \u015eakir \u015eahin, Akkuyu NGS sahas\u0131n\u0131n depremsellik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan riski az bir b\u00f6lgede oldu\u011funu belirtti. <\/p>\n
Akkuyu sahas\u0131nda y\u0131llar i\u00e7erisinde birbirlerinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z kurulu\u015flar\u0131n farkl\u0131 deprem kaynak modelleri-sismotektonik modeller geli\u015ftirilerek Akkuyu NGS\u2019nin etkilenebilece\u011fi olas\u0131l\u0131ksal ve deterministik deprem tehlike de\u011ferlerini hesaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7eken \u015eahin, \u201cBu a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00fclkede en fazla deprem riski \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yap\u0131lan ve T\u00fcrkiye deprem tehlike de\u011ferlerine g\u00f6re deprem riski d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yerlerden birinin Akkuyu sahas\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u201d dedi. <\/p>\n
MTA taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan 1:100.000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli jeolojik haritalara ve santralin yap\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin raporlara g\u00f6re Akkuyu NGS\u2019nin in\u015fa edildi\u011fi alan\u0131n Devoniyen ve Karbonifer ya\u015fl\u0131 kaya birimleri \u00fczerinde, sa\u011flam bir zeminde oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7eken \u015eahin, Akkuyu NGS\u2019nin in\u015fa edildi\u011fi b\u00f6lgenin 100 kilometre yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131ndaki alanda aktif fay hatt\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve santralin tsunamiden etkilenmemesi i\u00e7in deniz seviyesinden 10.5 metre y\u00fckseklikte in\u015fa edildi\u011finin de alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi.<\/p>\n
AKKUYU DEPREM R\u0130SK\u0130 D\u00dc\u015e\u00dcK B\u0130R SAHA
\nAkkuyu NGS sahas\u0131nda 1976 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren ba\u015fta Uluslararas\u0131 Atom Enerjisi Kurumu’nun (IAEA) y\u00f6nergelerine uygun olarak, ba\u015fta deprem olmak \u00fczere her t\u00fcrl\u00fc do\u011fal tehlikelere y\u00f6nelik kapsaml\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten Prof. Dr. \u015eakir \u015eahin, \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi: \u201cN\u00fckleer santral projelerinde santralin kurulaca\u011f\u0131 saha belirlenirken en \u00f6nemli kriter g\u00fcvenliktir. N\u00fckleer santrallerin kurulaca\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgedeki sismik tehlikeleri belirlemek i\u00e7in IAEA\u2019n\u0131n \u201cN\u00fckleer Tesislerin \u0130n\u015faat Sahas\u0131ndaki Deprem Tehlikesinin De\u011ferlendirilmesi \u0130\u00e7in \u00d6zel G\u00fcvenlik Rehberi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 SSG-9 say\u0131l\u0131 y\u00f6netmeli\u011fine g\u00f6re d\u00f6rt farkl\u0131 a\u015famal\u0131 saha \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. \u0130lki NGS in\u015faat sahas\u0131nda di\u011ferleri ise in\u015faat sahas\u0131na 300 km, 25 km, 5 km uzakl\u0131kta olmak \u00fczere d\u00f6rt a\u015famada yap\u0131lan detayl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla b\u00f6lgenin sismo-tektonik parametreleri ortaya konulmu\u015ftur. Akkuyu sahas\u0131nda y\u0131llar i\u00e7erisinde de \u00e7ok say\u0131da benzer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporlarda belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla da IAEA\u2019n\u0131n G\u00fcvenlik K\u0131lavuzu\u2019nda yer alan t\u00fcm yasal gerekliliklere de uygun oldu\u011fu belirlenmi\u015ftir.\u201d
\nAKKUYU SAHASINDA ZEM\u0130N SA\u011eLAM
\nProf. Dr. \u015eahin, Kahramanmara\u015f\u2019ta meydana 7,4\u2019l\u00fck depremin Akkuyu NGS Sahas\u0131\u2019nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u015fiddette hissedilmesinin nedenini de zemininin kaya zonu olmas\u0131na ve yer hareket ivme de\u011ferinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi.
\nDeprem kaynak b\u00f6lgelerine g\u00f6re Akkuyu NGS\u2019nin 100 ile 10.000 y\u0131l aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen deprem tekrarlama d\u00f6nemsellikleri i\u00e7in etkilenebilece\u011fi olas\u0131l\u0131ksal maksimum yatay yer hareket ivme de\u011ferlerinin hesapland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden \u015eahin\u2019e g\u00f6re, Akkuyu NGS\u2019nin bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgenin ivme de\u011ferlerinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131, yerdeki hareketin seviyesinin de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor. \u015eahin\u2019in bu konudaki a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 da \u015f\u00f6yle: \u201c\u0130vme, birim zamandaki h\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fimidir. Hesaplamalara g\u00f6re depremin Akkuyu NGS civar\u0131nda sa\u011flam zemin \u00fczerinde olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 olas\u0131 yer ivme de\u011ferleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. T\u00fcrkiye deprem tehlike haritas\u0131na g\u00f6re Akkuyu\u2019da bu de\u011fer 0,15 g\u2019dir. Elde edilen veriler ve jeolojik haritalara bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zaman buras\u0131 Devoniyen ya\u015fl\u0131 kaya zonunda bulunmaktad\u0131r, yani sa\u011flam bir zemine sahiptir.\u201d
\n\u015eahin, zeminlerin depremsellik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ne kadar \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funun alt\u0131n\u0131 ise \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle \u00e7izdi: \u201cBir yap\u0131n\u0131n tasar\u0131m\u0131nda \u015fiddet \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc de\u011fil yatay ve d\u00fc\u015fey y\u00f6nde yap\u0131n\u0131n etkilenebilece\u011fi yer hareket ivmesi de\u011feri kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Kaya zonunda deprem dalgas\u0131 \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 ilerler ve depremin s\u00fcresi \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 olur. Buna zemin h\u00e2kim titre\u015fim periyodu diyoruz. Y\u00f6netmelikte de zemin s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131na g\u00f6re tan\u0131mlan\u0131r ve sal\u0131n\u0131m d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kal\u0131r. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in de binaya gelen y\u00fck fazla olmaz. Bu \u015fekilde bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zaman; depremin Kahramanmara\u015f ve Hatay\u2019\u0131 neden bu kadar etkiledi\u011fini anl\u0131yoruz. Bunun nedeni zemin ve zemine uygun olmayan yap\u0131la\u015fmad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc zeminde periyot \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek. Yani dalga geldi\u011fi zaman, be\u015fik gibi sall\u0131yor diyoruz ya bu o. Periyodun \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir bu. \u0130vme y\u00fcksek olaca\u011f\u0131ndan binaya gelen y\u00fck artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d
\nBina ve yap\u0131lar\u0131 do\u011fru zemine yapman\u0131n \u00f6nemini vurgulayan Prof. Dr. \u015eahin, \u201cHatay Amik Ovas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ortas\u0131na bir \u015feyler yapmad\u0131ysan ya da denizi doldurup ev yapmad\u0131ysan o zaman deprem o kadar \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc olmuyor\u201d diye konu\u015ftu. <\/p>\n
G\u00dcVENL\u0130K PARAD\u0130GMALARI DE\u011e\u0130\u015eT\u0130
\nAkkuyu\u2019nun depremin etkilerinin g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak lisanslamas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini vurgulayan Prof. Dr. \u015eakir \u015eahin; bu konuda da \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi: “D\u00fcnya N\u00fckleer Birli\u011fi verilerine g\u00f6re n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6rlerin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 20’si \u00f6nemli sismik aktivite alanlar\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6steriyor. N\u00fckleer santraller her t\u00fcrl\u00fc do\u011fal afete dayanacak \u015fekilde in\u015fa edilir. Belirli kriterlerle belirli b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki depremin, santrali nas\u0131l etkileyece\u011fi her n\u00fckleer santral i\u00e7in hesaba kat\u0131l\u0131r. Tasar\u0131m ve in\u015faat bu hesaplamalara ve incelemelere g\u00f6re yap\u0131l\u0131r. Fuku\u015fima kazas\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan dersler, g\u00fcvenli tasar\u0131m\u0131n paradigmas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. \u0130mkans\u0131za haz\u0131rl\u0131k, yani son derece ihtimal d\u0131\u015f\u0131 durumlarda tesis g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamaya y\u00f6nelik ara\u00e7 ve prosed\u00fcrlerin geli\u015ftirilmesi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye’de bir depremde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek tehditlere g\u00f6re tasarlanm\u0131\u015f santral, olas\u0131 sars\u0131nt\u0131 ve y\u0131k\u0131m etkileri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak yap\u0131l\u0131rsa sorun olmaz. Zaten n\u00fckleer santrallerde g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6ncelikli konulardan biri. Hem in\u015fa edilecek saha zemininin g\u00fcvenli olmas\u0131 hem de tesislerin sahadaki parametrelere uygun tasarlanmas\u0131 gerekiyor. Modern n\u00fckleer santrallerin tasar\u0131mlar\u0131nda tesislerin g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in \u2018imkans\u0131z\u2019 diye nitelenen senaryolar bile dikkate al\u0131n\u0131r. Deprem ve tsunami gibi do\u011fal afetler i\u00e7in de en u\u00e7 olas\u0131 tehditlere kar\u015f\u0131 tasar\u0131mlar geli\u015ftirilir. Bu uluslararas\u0131 mevzuatlar\u0131n da gere\u011fidir.\u201d
\n9 B\u00dcY\u00dcKL\u00dc\u011e\u00dcNDEK\u0130 DEPREME DAYANIKLI TASARIM
\nS\u00fcleyman Demirel \u00dcniversitesi M\u00fchendislik Fak\u00fcltesi Jeofizik M\u00fchendisli\u011fi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Sismoloji Anabilim Dal\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi Prof. Dr. \u015eakir \u015eahin s\u00f6zlerine \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti: \u201cN\u00fckleer D\u00fczenleme Kurumu\u2019nun da (NDK) dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fi \u00fczere Akkuyu NGS\u2019yi etkileme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olabilecek y\u00fcksek yer hareketlerinin hesaplanmas\u0131 ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen teknik ve bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan elde edilen parametreler, tasar\u0131ma esas olacak de\u011ferleri olu\u015fturuyor. Nitekim Akkuyu NGS projesini yapan Rus devlet \u015firketi Rosatom, Akkuyu reakt\u00f6rleri \u00e7evresinde meydana gelebilecek 9 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bir deprem olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak her 10 bin y\u0131lda bir oldu\u011funun hesapland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve santralin 9 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bir depremden kaynaklanan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 d\u0131\u015f etkilere dayanacak \u015fekilde tasarland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Yetkililerin tasar\u0131mda kullan\u0131lan parametrelerde de\u011fi\u015fiklik ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 durumunda yeniden hesaplama yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ve gerekirse \u00f6nlemler al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131 da \u00f6nemli buluyorum. Ayr\u0131ca Akkuyu sahas\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde ve 40 kilometrelik bir alanda 14 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm istasyonunun sismik aktiviteleri s\u00fcrekli izlemesi, arazi parametrelerinin do\u011fru takibi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da \u00f6nemlidir.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u00d6NEML\u0130 KURULU\u015eLAR DA DO\u011eRULADI
\nD\u00fcnyan\u0131n deprem konusundaki \u00f6nc\u00fc kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n 2011 y\u0131l\u0131ndan 2017 y\u0131l\u0131 aras\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, Akkuyu N\u00fckleer G\u00fc\u00e7 Santrali (NGS) sahas\u0131n\u0131n Uluslararas\u0131 Atom Enerjisi Kurumu\u2019nun (IAEA) sismik g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan belirledi\u011fi yasal ko\u015fullara uygun oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi. Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi Kandilli Rasathanesi Deprem Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, Rusya Bilimler Akademisi-D\u00fcnya Fizi\u011fi Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, Worley Parsons ve RIZZO gibi \u00f6nemli kurulu\u015flar\u0131n Akkuyu sahas\u0131nda elde etti\u011fi parametreler, bu b\u00f6lgenin bir n\u00fckleer enerji santralinin in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeydeki t\u00fcm yasal ko\u015fullar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, IAEA\u2019n\u0131n G\u00fcvenlik K\u0131lavuzu\u2019nda yer alan t\u00fcm yasal gerekliliklere de uygun oldu\u011funu ortaya koydu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
S\u00fcleyman Demirel \u00dcniversitesi M\u00fchendislik Fak\u00fcltesi Jeofizik M\u00fchendisli\u011fi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Sismoloji Anabilim Dal\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi Prof. Dr. \u015eakir \u015eahin, Akkuyu NGS sahas\u0131n\u0131n depremsellik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan riski az bir b\u00f6lgede oldu\u011funu belirtti. Akkuyu sahas\u0131nda … Devam\u0131n\u0131 Oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24557,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3,11],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24556"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=24556"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24556\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24558,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24556\/revisions\/24558"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/24557"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=24556"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=24556"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=24556"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}