T\u00fcrkiye 11 ili etkileyen ve \u201cAsr\u0131n felaketi\u201d olarak nitelenen depremlerin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaralar\u0131 sarmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, kamuoyunda gelecekte meydana gelebilecek deprem, yang\u0131n ya da sel gibi do\u011fal afetlere ili\u015fkin tart\u0131\u015fmalar da s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Bu tart\u0131\u015fmalardan birini de Mersin\u2019de in\u015fas\u0131 devam eden Akkuyu N\u00fckleer G\u00fc\u00e7 Santrali\u2019nin (NGS) b\u00f6lgede meydana gelebilecek olas\u0131 bir depremden olumsuz etkilenece\u011fi ve \u00e7evresi i\u00e7in tehlike yarataca\u011f\u0131 \u015feklindeki iddialar olu\u015fturuyor.
\nPeki bu iddialar bilimsel bir temele dayan\u0131yor mu ya da ger\u00e7e\u011fi yans\u0131t\u0131yor mu? Uzmanlara g\u00f6re k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kesim taraf\u0131ndan dile getirilen \u201cAkkuyu NGS bir felakete yol a\u00e7acak\u201d, \u201cSantral sahas\u0131nda yak\u0131nda 7 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bir deprem olacak\u201d gibi s\u00f6ylemler ger\u00e7eklerle kesinlikle ba\u011fda\u015fm\u0131yor.
\nS\u00fcleyman Demirel \u00dcniversitesi M\u00fchendislik Fak\u00fcltesi Jeofizik M\u00fchendisli\u011fi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Sismoloji Anabilim Dal\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi Prof. Dr. \u015eakir \u015eahin\u2019e g\u00f6re Akkuyu NGS\u2019nin in\u015fa edildi\u011fi b\u00f6lge depremsellik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en az riske sahip b\u00f6lgelerden biri. \u015eahin, \u201cBu a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00fclkede en fazla deprem riski \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yap\u0131lan ve T\u00fcrkiye deprem tehlike de\u011ferlerine g\u00f6re deprem riski d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yerlerden birinin Akkuyu sahas\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u201d dedi.
\nMTA taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan 1:100.000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli jeolojik haritalara ve santralin yap\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin raporlara g\u00f6re Akkuyu NGS\u2019nin in\u015fa edildi\u011fi alan\u0131n Devoniyen ve Karbonifer ya\u015fl\u0131 kaya birimleri \u00fczerinde, sa\u011flam bir zeminde oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7eken \u015eahin, Akkuyu NGS\u2019nin in\u015fa edildi\u011fi b\u00f6lgenin 100 kilometre yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131ndaki alanda aktif fay hatt\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve santralin tsunamiden etkilenmemesi i\u00e7in deniz seviyesinden 10.5 metre y\u00fckseklikte in\u015fa edildi\u011finin de alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi.<\/p>\n
AKKUYU SAHASINDA ZEM\u0130N SA\u011eLAM
\nKahramanmara\u015f\u2019ta meydana 7,4\u2019l\u00fck depremin Akkuyu NGS Sahas\u0131\u2019nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u015fiddette hissedilmesinin nedenini de zemininin kaya zonu olmas\u0131 ve yer hareket ivme de\u011ferinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirten \u015eahin, \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti: \u201cDeprem kaynak b\u00f6lgelerine g\u00f6re Akkuyu NGS\u2019nin 100 ile 10.000 y\u0131l aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen deprem tekrarlama d\u00f6nemsellikleri i\u00e7in etkilenebilece\u011fi olas\u0131l\u0131ksal maksimum yatay yer hareket ivme de\u011ferleri hesapland\u0131. Akkuyu NGS\u2019nin bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgenin ivme de\u011ferlerinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131, yerdeki hareketin seviyesinin de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor. \u0130vme, birim zamandaki h\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fimidir. Hesaplamalara g\u00f6re depremin Akkuyu NGS civar\u0131nda sa\u011flam zemin \u00fczerinde olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 olas\u0131 yer ivme de\u011ferleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. T\u00fcrkiye deprem tehlike haritas\u0131na g\u00f6re Akkuyu\u2019da bu de\u011fer 0,15 g\u2019dir. Elde edilen veriler ve jeolojik haritalara bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zaman buras\u0131 Devoniyen ya\u015fl\u0131 kaya zonunda bulunmaktad\u0131r, yani sa\u011flam bir zemine sahiptir.\u201d
\n\u015eahin, zeminlerin depremsellik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ne kadar \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funun alt\u0131n\u0131 ise \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle \u00e7izdi: \u201cBir yap\u0131n\u0131n tasar\u0131m\u0131nda \u015fiddet \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc de\u011fil yatay ve d\u00fc\u015fey y\u00f6nde yap\u0131n\u0131n etkilenebilece\u011fi yer hareket ivmesi de\u011feri kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Kaya zonunda deprem dalgas\u0131 \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 ilerler ve depremin s\u00fcresi \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 olur. Buna zemin h\u00e2kim titre\u015fim periyodu diyoruz. Y\u00f6netmelikte de zemin s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131na g\u00f6re tan\u0131mlan\u0131r ve sal\u0131n\u0131m d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kal\u0131r. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in de binaya gelen y\u00fck fazla olmaz. Bu \u015fekilde bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zaman; depremin Kahramanmara\u015f ve Hatay\u2019\u0131 neden bu kadar etkiledi\u011fini anl\u0131yoruz. Bunun nedeni zemin ve zemine uygun olmayan yap\u0131la\u015fmad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc zeminde periyot \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek. Yani dalga geldi\u011fi zaman, be\u015fik gibi sall\u0131yor diyoruz ya bu o. Periyodun \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir bu. \u0130vme y\u00fcksek olaca\u011f\u0131ndan binaya gelen y\u00fck artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d
\n9 B\u00dcY\u00dcKL\u00dc\u011e\u00dcNDEK\u0130 DEPREME DAYANIKLI TASARIM
\nS\u00fcleyman Demirel \u00dcniversitesi M\u00fchendislik Fak\u00fcltesi Jeofizik M\u00fchendisli\u011fi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Sismoloji Anabilim Dal\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi Prof. Dr. \u015eakir \u015eahin s\u00f6zlerine \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti: \u201cN\u00fckleer D\u00fczenleme Kurumu\u2019nun da (NDK) dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fi \u00fczere Akkuyu NGS\u2019yi etkileme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olabilecek y\u00fcksek yer hareketlerinin hesaplanmas\u0131 ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen teknik ve bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan elde edilen parametreler, tasar\u0131ma esas olacak de\u011ferleri olu\u015fturuyor. Nitekim Akkuyu NGS projesini yapan Rus devlet \u015firketi Rosatom, Akkuyu reakt\u00f6rleri \u00e7evresinde meydana gelebilecek 9 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bir deprem olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak her 10 bin y\u0131lda bir oldu\u011funun hesapland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve santralin 9 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bir depremden kaynaklanan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 d\u0131\u015f etkilere dayanacak \u015fekilde tasarland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Yetkililerin tasar\u0131mda kullan\u0131lan parametrelerde de\u011fi\u015fiklik ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 durumunda yeniden hesaplama yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ve gerekirse \u00f6nlemler al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131 da \u00f6nemli buluyorum. Ayr\u0131ca Akkuyu sahas\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde ve 40 kilometrelik bir alanda 14 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm istasyonunun sismik aktiviteleri s\u00fcrekli izlemesi, arazi parametrelerinin do\u011fru takibi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da \u00f6nemlidir.\u201d
\nAKKUYU SAHASI EN AZ DEPREM TEHL\u0130KES\u0130 \u0130\u00c7EREN B\u00d6LGE
\nAkkuyu NGS deprem tehlikesi belirlemeleri i\u00e7in 1975 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bug\u00fcne kadar yap\u0131lan \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda g\u00f6rev alan Prof. Dr. Mustafa Erdik ise, Akkuyu sahas\u0131n\u0131n ‘en az deprem tehlikesi i\u00e7eren b\u00f6lge’ olarak belirlendi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi ve sahan\u0131n Uluslararas\u0131 Atom Enerjisi Kurumu g\u00fcvenlik k\u0131lavuzlar\u0131na uygun yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekti. <\/p>\n
Akkuyu ile ilgili iddialara kaynakl\u0131k eden K\u0131br\u0131s Yay\u0131 ve Ecemi\u015f Fay\u0131 dahil Akkuyu NGS sahas\u0131 ve yak\u0131n b\u00f6lgelerinde yapt\u0131klar\u0131 saha incelemelerini anlatan Erdik, \u015funlar\u0131 ifade etti:
\n“Akkuyu NGS deprem tehlikesine en b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131da bulunan deprem kaynak b\u00f6lgeleri: NGS Sahas\u0131 Yak\u0131n Civar\u0131, K\u0131br\u0131s Yay\u0131 ve Ecemi\u015f Fay\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r. Yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kapsaml\u0131 inceleme ve de\u011ferlendirmeler, Ecemi\u015f Fay Zonu’nun Akdeniz’e uzant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna varmaktad\u0131r. Ecemi\u015f (Namrun) ve Kozan faylar\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve \u00f6zellikleri verilmi\u015ftir. Saha incelemeleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan hendek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, t\u00fcm saha \u00e7evresini ve yak\u0131n b\u00f6lgeleri kaplayan kesimde faylanma ve\/veya y\u00fczey faylanmas\u0131na atfedilebilecek \u00f6zellikler g\u00f6stermedi\u011fi sonucuna varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f deprem tehlikesi belirleme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda, bu kaynaklarla ilgili deprem tehlikesinin determinstik a\u00e7\u0131dan temsili i\u00e7in: Akkuyu NGS Yak\u0131n Civar\u0131 Deprem Kaynak B\u00f6lgesi’nde: ortalama deprem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Mw6.2 ve ortalama derinlik (NGS’nin alt\u0131nda) 30km olarak; K\u0131br\u0131s Yay\u0131 Deprem Kaynak B\u00f6lgesi’nde: ortalama deprem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Mw8.0 ve ortalama uzakl\u0131k 61 km olarak ve; Ecemi\u015f Fay\u0131 Deprem Kaynak B\u00f6lgesi’nde: ortalama deprem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Mw8.0 ve ortalama uzakl\u0131k 30km olarak al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r. 6 \u015eubat 2023 ana depreminin (Mw7.7) merkez \u00fcss\u00fc Akkuyu NGS’ye 388 kilometre uzaktad\u0131r. Bu depremde Akkuyu NGS sakas\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f en b\u00fcy\u00fck yatay yer ivmesi 4 cm\/s2 seviyesindedir. Bu seviye Akkuyu NGS deprem tasar\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan tasar\u0131m bazl\u0131 yatay ivme spektrumu ile ilgili en b\u00fcy\u00fck ivme seviyesinin sadece 100’de 1’i kadard\u0131r.”<\/p>\n
N\u00dcKLEER SANTRALLERDE G\u00dcVENL\u0130K B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 \u00d6NCEL\u0130K
\nD\u00fcnya N\u00fckleer Birli\u011fi verilerine g\u00f6re n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6rlerin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 20’si \u00f6nemli sismik aktivite alanlar\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6steriyor ancak n\u00fckleer santraller her t\u00fcrl\u00fc do\u011fal afete dayanacak \u015fekilde in\u015fa ediliyor. Belirli kriterlerle belirli b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki depremin santrali nas\u0131l etkileyece\u011fi her n\u00fckleer santral i\u00e7in hesaba kat\u0131l\u0131yor. Modern n\u00fckleer santrallerin tasar\u0131mlar\u0131nda tesislerin g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in \u2018imkans\u0131z\u2019 diye nitelenen senaryolar bile dikkate al\u0131n\u0131yor ve g\u00fcvenlik birinci \u00f6ncelik olarak kabul ediliyor.
\nHacettepe \u00dcniversitesi M\u00fchendislik Fak\u00fcltesi N\u00fckleer Enerji M\u00fchendisli\u011fi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Prof. Dr. \u015eule Erg\u00fcn de NGS projelerinde g\u00fcvenlikten taviz verilmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor. Erg\u00fcn bu konuda \u015fu bilgileri payla\u015f\u0131yor: \u201cN\u00fckleer g\u00fc\u00e7 santrali projelerinde g\u00fcvenlik kriterleri olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir ve bunlardan taviz verilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bu nedenle Akkuyu NGS\u2019nin in\u015fa edilece\u011fi saha belirlenirken t\u00fcm uluslararas\u0131 ve ulusal standartlara uyulmu\u015ftur. Her biri 1200 MW g\u00fcce sahip VVER-1200 tipi 3 + nesil reakt\u00f6rl\u00fc 4 g\u00fc\u00e7 \u00fcnitesinden olu\u015facak olan santralde g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6n planda tutuluyor. Bu yeni nesil n\u00fckleer santraller, aktif g\u00fcvenlik sistemlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir deprem ve tsunaminin olumsuz etkilerine kar\u015f\u0131, elektrik kayna\u011f\u0131, operat\u00f6r m\u00fcdahalesi veya otomatik sistem gerektirmeyen pasif sistemlerle de donat\u0131l\u0131yor. Pasif g\u00fcvenlik sistemlerinin \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan buhar \u00fcretecini pasif so\u011futan sistemi buna \u00f6rnek g\u00f6stermek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. \u00a0Bu g\u00fcvenlik sistemlerine bir ba\u015fka \u00f6rnek de kontrol \u00e7ubuklar\u0131n\u0131n yer\u00e7ekimi etkisiyle zincirleme reaksiyonu durdurmak i\u00e7in reakt\u00f6r koruna inmesidir. Bunlar, santraldeki g\u00fcvenlik sistemlerinin \u00e7ok say\u0131daki unsuru aras\u0131ndan verilmi\u015f sadece iki \u00f6rnek. Akkuyu NGS\u2019de g\u00fcvenlik \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve deprem, kas\u0131rga, sel, tsunami gibi ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc d\u0131\u015f etkilere kar\u015f\u0131 dayanma kabiliyetine sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in yap\u0131sal testler ve kontroller yap\u0131l\u0131yor. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00fcrkiye 11 ili etkileyen ve \u201cAsr\u0131n felaketi\u201d olarak nitelenen depremlerin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaralar\u0131 sarmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, kamuoyunda gelecekte meydana gelebilecek deprem, yang\u0131n ya da sel gibi do\u011fal afetlere ili\u015fkin tart\u0131\u015fmalar da … Devam\u0131n\u0131 Oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24746,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2,3,11],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24745"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=24745"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24745\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24747,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24745\/revisions\/24747"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/24746"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=24745"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=24745"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akdenizolaygazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=24745"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}